elamite revolt against darius i: examination the nature of elamite uprising against darius i based on bisitun inscription

following the rise of darius i to power in 522 bc, many of countries became rebellious against him. three of nine of those revolts which took place in first and second years of darius was in elam. in this paper it has been tried based on texts, in particular bisitun inscription and new research and by using historical method of research to examine the nature of elamite uprising against darius. for this purpose in this paper, first the triple elamite revolts against darius will be reviewed and then the causes and nature of these revolts will be examined and finally will be showed that in contrast to common view among scholars, historical evidences indicate that elamites uprising most probably was an elamites nationalism movement against the persians, looking for independence and freedom from the persian yoke.